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Wars in Europe causing sluggish in Netherlands, the Kingdom
of the Netherlands needs to develop science, then They sent Elout Cornelis
Theodorus, and GAGP Baron van der Capellen to Indonesia together with Prof.
George Caspar Carl Reinwardt, advisers from German who moved to the Netherlands.
Then in 1816 George Caspar was appointed as the Director of Agriculture, Arts,
and Education for Java. Reinwardt immediately began research in the field of
botany, he was interested investigate various plants used for treatment and
consider the exploration of plants and agriculture is also the problem of his
duties in the Indies. Then he decided to gather all these plants in a botanical
garden around the palace inhabited by the Lieutenant-Governor Thomas Stamford
Raffles with his wife Olivia Mariamne Raffles during the transitional period of
the British Government to the Government of the Netherlands on the island of
Java in 1811 until 1816. through the help of a botanist William Kent, the land
that was originally the palace courtyard developed into a beautiful garden.
Raffles juggle castle courtyard became a classic English-style garden. This was
the beginning Botanical Garden in its present form.
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On 15 April 1817 Reinwardt sparked the idea to establish a
botanical garden to the Governor General GAGP Baron van der Capellen, the idea
was approved. Finally, on May 18, 1817, the Governor General GAGP van der
Capellen formally establish a Botanical Garden in the city, which at that time
called Buitenzorg (from the Dutch word which means "no worries"),
with the name of 's Lands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg. Beginning with the
establishment of the first hoe stick swing on earth Ir as a sign that the
construction of the garden development, the implementation of which is led by
Reinwardt own, assisted by James Hooper and W. Kent curator of the famous Kew
Gardens in Richmond, England.
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About 47 hectares of land around the palace and former
Samida be the first land to the botanical garden. Reinwardt become the first
director from 1817 until 1822. This opportunity is used to collect plants and
seeds from other parts of the archipelago. Bogor immediately became the center
of the development of agriculture and horticulture in Indonesia. At that time
an estimated 900 live plants grown in the garden. Reinwardt also a pioneer in
the field of making herbarium. He became known as a founder of the Herbarium
Bogoriense.
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In 1822 Reinwardt returned to the Netherlands and was
replaced by Dr. Carl Ludwig Blume conduct an inventory of the collection of plants
that grow in the garden. He also compiled the first catalog of the garden which
recorded as many as 912 types (species) of plants. The construction of this
garden was halted due to lack of funds but then again pioneered by Johannes
Elias Mexico (1831), a member of the palace gardens of the Governor General
Johannes van den Bosch. Assisted by Justus Carl Hasskarl, he made arrangements
with the collection of plant cultivation segment by quarter (familia). This is
a hard job where most collections Bogor Botanical Gardens must be replanted and
move some trees that are too large, a red label to mark the planting of which
can still be seen today. During his tenure, Mexico managed to bring thousands
of species of plants to Bogor Botanical Gardens of journeys to various
countries. And for his service, the Botanical Garden reward in the form of a
memorial in the Park Tijsmann with 4 species of teak trees and verbena
Teijsmaniodendron genus is named after him. Mexico was later replaced by Dr.
Rudolph Scheffer, in 1867 he became a director and was replaced by Prof. Dr.
Melchior Treub. A year later, on May 30, 1868 Bogor Botanical Gardens
officially separated its staff with the palace.
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